People have been worshipping God and marveling at the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia for centuries.

These intricately carved monuments, which collectively comprise a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are some of the oldest and most interesting  in Africa, and the largest churches of their kind in the world.

While many visitors visit Lalibela rock churches every year, their origins and the cultural practices surrounding them remain largely a mystery.

The churches are almost 1,000 years old

Although nobody has been able to figure out an exact construction date on the churches, it’s thought that they were built between the 12th and 13th centuries.

Some scholars believe the churches continued to be built into the 14th century as well.

While you might see one the most famous churches (the Church of Saint George) in most pictures featuring Lalibela, there are actually 10 more of them.

The churches are set up in four different groups scattered around the town, including the northern group, eastern group, western group, and two farther afield.

The churches and town are named after an Ethiopian king, Lalibela

Lalibela was an actual person and the churches in the city are attributed to him.

He was considered a recluse earlier in his life, but later became king of Ethiopia, only to become a recluse again.

Lalibela is thought to have built ten of the churches while he was alive.

Following the decline of the Aksumite Empire, the Zagwe Dynasty emerged in the 12th century, ushering in a new era of Ethiopian history.

During this period, the famous rock-hewn churches of Lalibela were constructed, which remain an important pilgrimage site for Ethiopian Orthodox Christians.

These architectural marvels, carved out of solid rock, are concrete evidence of the skill and creativity of Ethiopian artisans.

It’s home to the largest monolithic church in the world

One of the rock-hewn churches (Bet Medhane Alem) is thought to be the largest monolithic church in the world.

This puts it ahead of similar churches that were carved out of rock in Bulgaria, France, Finland and Cappadocia, Turkey.

The churches are home to one of the biggest Timkat festivals

The churches of Lalibela host one of the largest Timkat festivals in the country, and pilgrims from all around the province converge in the town for it.

During the festival, pilgrims participate in three days of singing, dancing and festivities around the Church of Saint George.

Over 1,000 priests go to the churches

The town of Lalibela only has around 10,000 people, but over 1,000 priests participate in religious rituals at the churches throughout the year.

There are regular processions in and around the churches outside of the Timkat festivities.

The churches aren’t built from the ground up

Unlike most churches, the ones in Lalibela weren’t actually built from the ground up. Instead, they were excavated and carved out of the ground with hammers and chisels.

The tallest (or deepest) church is over 40 feet high (or low), depending on how you look at it.

The first Europeans to see them were amazed

Europeans didn’t lay eyes on these works of architecture until the 1520s, when Portuguese explorer Pero da Covilha and priest Francisco Alvares visited them.

While another Portuguese visitor came a few years after Covilha and Alvares, no other Europeans came for another 300 years.

The churches are expensive to visit

If you want to visit the churches, prepare to pay.

Visitors to the region can’t just waltz into the area, instead they will have to pay US$50 in order to see the churches. While the price might seem steep compared to other churches in Africa, if you came all the way to Lalibela, you might as well fork up the money and pay to see these incredible works of art.

They aren’t the only rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia

The rock-hewn churches in Lalibela are certainly an ancient marvel, but they aren’t the only ones in the country.

Located in northern Ethiopia, the Tigray region is home to far more of these churches than Lalibela, numbering around 150 of them.

The churches are spread out all the way between Axum and Mekele.