List of Egypt’s Prime Ministers and their tenures under rulers from Khedive Ismail to Hosni Mubarak

Timeline of Prime Ministers and their tenures in Egypt from Khedivate to modern republic

1. Prime Ministers During Ruler President Hosni Mubarak (1981–2011)

  • Dr. Atef Ebeid (10/10/1999 – 09/07/2004)
  • Dr. Kamal Ganzoury (04/01/1996 – 05/10/1999)
  • Dr. Atef Mohamad Sedky (11/11/1986 – 02/01/1996)
  • Dr. Ali Lotfy Mahmoud (05/09/1985 – 09/11/1986)
  • Mr. Kamal Hassan Ali (05/06/1984 – 04/09/1985)
  • Mr. Ahmed Foud Mohy El-Din (03/01/1982 – 05/06/1984)
  • President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak (06/10/1981 – 03/01/1982)

2. Prime Ministers During Ruler President Anwar El-Sadat (1970–1981)

  • Mr. Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat (14/05/1980 – 06/10/1981)
  • Dr. Mostafa Khalil (05/10/1978 – 14/05/1980)
  • Mr. Mamdouh Salem (16/04/1975 – 05/10/1978)
  • Dr. Abd El-Aziz Hegazy (25/09/1974 – 16/04/1975)
  • Mr. Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat (27/03/1973 – 25/09/1974)
  • Dr. Aziz Sedky (17/01/1972 – 26/03/1973)
  • Dr. Mahmoud Fawzy (20/10/1970 – 17/01/1972)

3. Prime Ministers During Ruler Gamal Abdel Nasser (1956–1970)

  • Mr. Gamal Abdel Nasser (19/06/1967 – 28/09/1970)
  • Mr. Sedky Soliman (10/09/1966 – 18/06/1967)
  • Mr. Zakaria Mohy El-Din (01/10/1965 – 10/09/1966)
  • Mr. Ali Sabry (29/09/1962 – 01/10/1965)
  • Mr. Kamal El-Din Hussin (20/09/1960 – 29/09/1962)
  • Mr. Nour El-Din Tarraf (07/10/1958 – 20/09/1960)
  • Mr. Gamal Abdel Nasser (17/04/1954 – 07/10/1958)

4. Prime Ministers During Ruler Gen. Mohamed Naguib (1953–1954)

  • Gen. Mohamed Naguib (08/03/1954 – 17/04/1954)
  • Mr. Gamal Abdel Nasser (25/02/1954 – 08/03/1954)
  • Gen. Mohamed Naguib (07/09/1952 – 24/02/1954)

5. Prime Minister During Ruler Temporary Trusteeship (1952)

  • Ali Maher Pasha (24/07/1952 – 07/09/1952)

6. Prime Ministers During Ruler King Farouk I (1936–1952)

  • Ahmad Naguib El-Hilaly (22/07/1952 – 24/07/1952)
  • Hussien Sirri Pasha (02/07/1952 – 22/07/1952)
  • Ahmad Naguib El-Hilaly (01/03/1952 – 02/07/1952)
  • Ali Maher Pasha (27/01/1950 – 01/03/1952)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (12/01/1950 – 27/01/1950)
  • Hussien Sirri Pasha (03/11/1949 – 12/01/1950)
  • Ibrahim Abd El-Hady Pasha (28/12/1948 – 25/07/1949)
  • Mahmoud Fahmy El-Nukrashi (09/12/1946 – 28/12/1948)
  • Ismail Sedky Pasha (16/02/1946 – 09/12/1946)
  • Mahmoud Fahmy El-Nukrashi (24/02/1945 – 15/02/1946)
  • Ahmed Maher Pasha (15/01/1945 – 24/02/1945)
  • Ahmed Maher Pasha (08/10/1944 – 15/01/1945)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (26/05/1942 – 08/10/1944)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (04/02/1942 – 26/05/1942)
  • Hussien Sirri Pasha (31/07/1941 – 04/02/1942)
  • Hussien Sirri Pasha (15/11/1940 – 31/07/1941)
  • Hassan Sabry Pasha (27/06/1940 – 14/11/1940)
  • Ali Maher Pasha (18/08/1939 – 27/06/1940)
  • Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha (24/06/1938 – 18/08/1939)
  • Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha (27/04/1938 – 24/06/1938)
  • Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha (30/12/1937 – 27/04/1938)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (01/08/1937 – 30/12/1937)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (09/05/1936 – 31/07/1937)

7. Prime Ministers During Ruler King Ahmed Fouad I (1922–1936)

  • Hussien Sirri Pasha (25/07/1949 – 03/11/1949)
  • Ali Maher Pasha (30/01/1936 – 09/05/1936)
  • Mohamed Tawfiq Nasim Pasha (14/11/1934 – 30/01/1936)
  • Abed El-Fateh Yehia Pasha (27/09/1933 – 14/11/1934)
  • Ismail Sedky Pasha (04/01/1933 – 27/09/1933)
  • Ismail Sedky Pasha (19/06/1930 – 04/01/1933)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (01/01/1930 – 19/06/1930)
  • Adly Yakan Pasha (03/10/1929 – 01/01/1930)
  • Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha (25/06/1928 – 02/10/1929)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (16/03/1928 – 25/06/1928)
  • Abd El-Khalek Tharwat (26/04/1927 – 04/03/1928)
  • Adly Yakan Pasha (07/06/1926 – 21/04/1927)
  • Ahmad Ziwar Pasha (13/03/1925 – 07/06/1926)
  • Ahmad Ziwar Pasha (24/11/1924 – 13/03/1925)
  • Saad Zaghlul Pasha (28/01/1924 – 24/11/1924)
  • Yahya Ibrahim Pasha (13/03/1923 – 27/01/1924)
  • Mohamed Tawfiq Nasim Pasha (30/11/1922 – 09/02/1923)
  • Abd El-Khalek Tharwat (01/03/1922 – 29/11/1922)

8. Prime Ministers During Ruler Sultan Ahmed Fouad I (1917–1922)

  • Adly Yakan Pasha (16/03/1921 – 24/12/1921)
  • Mohamed Tawfiq Nasim Pasha (21/05/1920 – 16/03/1921)
  • Yousif Wahaba Pasha (20/11/1919 – 21/05/1920)
  • Mohamed Said Pasha (20/05/1919 – 20/11/1919)
  • Hussein Rushdi Pasha (09/04/1919 – 22/04/1919)
  • Hussein Rushdi Pasha (10/10/1917 – 09/04/1919)

9. Prime Ministers During Ruler Sultan Hussein Kamel (1914–1917)

  • Hussein Rushdi Pasha (19/12/1914 – 09/10/1917)

10. Prime Ministers During Ruler Khedive Abbas Helmy II (1892–1914)

  • Hussein Rushdi Pasha (05/04/1914 – 19/12/1914)
  • Mohamed Said Pasha (23/02/1910 – 05/04/1914)
  • Boutros Ghali Pasha (12/11/1908 – 21/02/1910)
  • Mostafa Fahmi Pasha (12/11/1895 – 11/11/1908)
  • Nubar Pasha (15/04/1894 – 12/11/1895)
  • Mostafa Raiyad Pasha (19/01/1893 – 15/04/1894)
  • Hussein Fakhry Pasha (15/01/1893 – 18/01/1893)
  • Mostafa Fahmi Pasha (17/01/1892 – 15/01/1893)

11. Prime Ministers During Ruler Khedive Mohamed Tawfik (1879–1892)

  • Mostafa Fahmi Pasha (14/05/1891 – 17/01/1892)
  • Mostafa Raiyad Pasha (09/06/1888 – 12/05/1891)
  • Nubar Pasha (10/01/1884 – 09/06/1888)
  • Mohamed Sherif Pasha (21/08/1882 – 07/01/1884)
  • Ismail Raghib Pasha (18/06/1882 – 26/05/1882)
  • Mahmoud Samy Al-Baroudi (04/02/1882 – 26/05/1882)
  • Mohamed Sherif Pasha (14/09/1881 – 04/02/1882)
  • Mostafa Raiyad Pasha (21/09/1879 – 10/09/1881)
  • Mohamed Tawfik Pasha (18/08/1879 – 21/09/1879)
  • Mohamed Sherif Pasha (05/07/1879 – 18/08/1879)

12. Prime Ministers During Ruler Khedive Ismail (1863–1879)

  • Mohamed Sherif Pasha (07/04/1879 – 05/07/1879)
  • Mohamed Tawfik Pasha (10/03/1879 – 07/04/1879)
  • Nubar Pasha (28/08/1878 – 23/02/1879)
List of Egypt's Prime Ministers and their tenures under rulers from Khedive Ismail to Hosni Mubarak
Hosni Mubarak

Egypt’s Prime Ministers (1878–Present)

Egypt has had a long and evolving system of governance, transitioning from the Khedivate (under Ottoman suzerainty) to a monarchy, and later to a republic. The role of the Prime Minister has been central to the executive branch, though its power has varied depending on the political system.

Key Eras & Notable Prime Ministers

1. Khedivate & Sultanate of Egypt (1878–1922)

  • Nubar Pasha (First Prime Minister, 1878–1879, 1884–1888, 1894–1895)
  • Mohamed Sherif Pasha (Multiple terms, liberal reforms)
  • Boutros Ghali Pasha (1908–1910, assassinated in 1910)
  • Hussein Rushdi Pasha (1914–1919, served during World War I)

Transition: After the 1919 Revolution, Egypt moved toward independence, ending British protectorate status in 1922.

2. Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953)

  • Saad Zaghloul Pasha (1924, nationalist leader, founder of the Wafd Party)
  • Mostafa El-Nahhas Pasha (Multiple terms, Wafd Party leader)
  • Ismail Sidky Pasha (Authoritarian, dissolved parliament in 1930)
  • Ali Maher Pasha (Influential during Farouk’s reign)

End of Monarchy: The 1952 Revolution led by the Free Officers Movement abolished the monarchy.

3. Revolutionary Republic (1953–1970) – Gamal Abdel Nasser Era

  • Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1962, later became President)
  • Ali Sabry (1962–1965, key Nasser loyalist)
  • Zakaria Mohieddin (1965–1966, briefly succeeded Nasser)

Shift to Presidential System: Nasser centralized power, weakening the PM’s role.

4. Anwar Sadat Era (1970–1981)

  • Mahmoud Fawzi (1970–1972, transitional figure)
  • Aziz Sedky (1972–1973, economic reforms)
  • Mamdouh Salem (1975–1978, oversaw economic liberalization)
  • Mustafa Khalil (1978–1980, negotiated Camp David Accords)

Political Changes: Sadat moved toward a multi-party system but maintained strong presidential control.

5. Hosni Mubarak Era (1981–2011)

  • Atef Sedky (1986–1996, longest-serving PM under Mubarak)
  • Kamal Ganzouri (1996–1999, economic reforms)
  • Atef Ebeid (1999–2004, privatization policies)

Decline of PM’s Role: The presidency dominated governance, with PMs acting as technocrats.

6. Post-Mubarak Era (2011–Present)

Transition Period (2011–2014)

  • Essam Sharaf (2011, post-revolution PM)
  • Kamal Ganzouri (2011–2012, interim government)
  • Hesham Qandil (2012–2013, under Morsi)

Post-2013 (Sisi Presidency)

  • Ibrahim Mahlab (2014–2015)
  • Sherif Ismail (2015–2018)
  • Mostafa Madbouly (2018–present, overseeing economic reforms)

Key Observations

  1. Early Period (1878–1952): PMs were influential but often clashed with the monarchy and British rule.
  2. Nasser & Sadat (1954–1981): The PM’s role weakened as presidents centralized power.
  3. Mubarak Era (1981–2011): PMs were mostly technocrats implementing presidential policies.
  4. Post-2011: Instability led to frequent changes, but under Sisi, the PM remains subordinate to the presidency.

Longest-Serving Prime Ministers

  1. Mostafa Fahmi Pasha (1895–1908, 1891–1893) – 15+ years
  2. Atef Sedky (1986–1996) – 10 years
  3. Mostafa El-Nahhas (Multiple terms, 1928–1952) – ~7 years

Notable Figures

  • Saad Zaghloul (Nationalist hero)
  • Nubar Pasha (First PM)
  • Ali Sabry (Nasser’s right-hand man)
  • Kamal Ganzouri (Served under Mubarak & transitional period)

Egypt’s prime ministers have played varying roles—from powerful reformers to presidential subordinates. The office remains key in governance but has always been overshadowed by strong presidents, especially since 1952.

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