List of municipalities and autonomous indigenous territories in the Department of Oruro, ordered from most populated to least populated
- Oruro – 298,350
- Challapata – 35,427
- Caracollo – 22,850
- Huanuni – 20,118
- Salinas de Garci Mendoza (AIOC) – 15,934
- Paria – 15,764
- Sabaya – 15,504
- Corque – 16,101
- Santiago de Huari – 13,502
- Toledo – 12,202
- El Choro – 9,997
- Poopó – 9,189
- Curahuara de Carangas – 6,683
- Totora – 6,637
- Andamarca – 6,311
- Machacamarca – 6,120
- Santiago de Huayllamarca – 5,996
- Turco – 5,803
- Eucaliptus – 5,335
- Santuario de Quillacas – 5,161
- Escara – 4,231
- Pazña – 4,251
- Huachacalla – 4,011
- Esmeralda – 3,882
- Antequera – 3,666
- Belén de Andamarca – 3,061
- Pampa Aullagas – 3,197
- Choquecota – 2,504
- Uru Chipaya (Nación Originaria Uru Chipaya) – 2,355
- Cruz de Machacamarca – 1,517
- Coipasa – 1,406
- La Rivera – 1,262
- Todos Santos – 1,140
- Carangas – 1,129
- Yunguyo del Litoral – 875
- Oruro municipality alone accounts for over half of the department’s total population.
- More than half of the municipalities have fewer than 6,000 inhabitants, showing strong population concentration in the capital and widespread rural dispersion.
Oruro Municipalities Ranked by Population
The population ranking of municipalities in the Department of Oruro reveals an extremely centralized demographic structure, with the vast majority of residents living in the capital city and the rest spread across many small, rural municipalities.
Strong Dominance of the Capital
- Oruro municipality, with 298,350 inhabitants, accounts for more than half (≈52%) of the department’s total population.
- This level of concentration is higher than in many other departments, underscoring Oruro city’s role as the primary economic, administrative, and service hub.
Secondary Population Centers
- Only a few municipalities exceed 15,000 inhabitants, including Challapata, Caracollo, Huanuni, Corque, Paria, Sabaya, and Salinas de Garci Mendoza (AIOC).
- These municipalities function as local service centers, often linked to mining, agriculture, livestock, or regional trade routes.
Predominance of Small Municipalities
- The majority of municipalities have fewer than 6,000 residents.
- Many highland and altiplano municipalities—such as Choquecota, Pampa Aullagas, Huachacalla, Escara, Esmeralda, and Antequera—have very small and dispersed populations, reflecting harsh climatic conditions and limited economic diversification.
Very Small and Indigenous Territories
- Several municipalities have populations below 1,500, including Yunguyo del Litoral, Carangas, Todos Santos, La Rivera, and Coipasa.
- The Uru Chipaya Indigenous Nation, with 2,355 inhabitants, represents a distinct cultural and administrative entity, maintaining its identity despite its small population size.

Oruro’s population distribution is marked by extreme urban concentration and widespread rural sparsity. This pattern creates significant challenges for territorial equity, infrastructure provision, and public service delivery, while reinforcing the central importance of Oruro city in the department’s development.













